"officer" meaning in Middle English

See officer in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɔfiˈseːr/, /ˈɔfisər/
Etymology: Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer, officier, from Latin officiārius; equivalent to office + -er. Etymology templates: {{bor+|enm|xno|officer}} Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer, {{der|enm|la|officiārius}} Latin officiārius, {{af|enm|office|-er}} office + -er Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=|var=}} officer, {{enm-noun|officers}} officer (plural officers) Forms: officers [plural], offecer [alternative], officeer [alternative], officeere [alternative], officere [alternative], officiare [alternative], officier [alternative], offiser [alternative], offycer [alternative], offycere [alternative], offyseer [alternative], oficer [alternative]
  1. A hireling or subordinate; one employed to serve, especially at an estate.
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-cUKlmoAB Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -er Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3
  2. An official or officeholder; the holder of a prominent office or position.
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-h~IKW38v Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -er, Household, Occupations Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 21 17 18 13 21 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3 Disambiguation of Household: 8 23 20 20 9 16 4 Disambiguation of Occupations: 4 29 22 26 3 16 1
  3. A municipal, local or societal official or officeholder.
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-HHL0Opd4 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -er, Household, Occupations Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 21 17 18 13 21 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3 Disambiguation of Household: 8 23 20 20 9 16 4 Disambiguation of Occupations: 4 29 22 26 3 16 1
  4. A religious or ecclesiastical official or officeholder.
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-K11KgvNt Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -er, Household, Occupations Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 21 17 18 13 21 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3 Disambiguation of Household: 8 23 20 20 9 16 4 Disambiguation of Occupations: 4 29 22 26 3 16 1
  5. (religion) A deputy or subordinate of the forces of good or evil.
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-wOmXgjkg Categories (other): Religion, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -er, Government Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 21 17 18 13 21 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3 Disambiguation of Government: 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 Topics: lifestyle, religion
  6. (rare) One who supervises or organises jousting. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-j1Y0Qqhv Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -er, Household, Occupations, People Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 8 21 17 18 13 21 2 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -er: 11 18 14 15 17 21 3 Disambiguation of Household: 8 23 20 20 9 16 4 Disambiguation of Occupations: 4 29 22 26 3 16 1 Disambiguation of People: 0 0 0 0 0 100 0
  7. (rare) A member or leader of a military force. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-officer-enm-noun-WCYafmpi Categories (other): Military Disambiguation of Military: 0 0 0 0 36 0 64
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): Equestrianism Disambiguation of Equestrianism: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "langcode": "enm",
      "name": "Equestrianism",
      "orig": "enm:Equestrianism",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "officer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "offisher"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "officer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "officiārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin officiārius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "office",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "office + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer, officier, from Latin officiārius; equivalent to office + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "officers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offecer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officeer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officeere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officiare",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offiser",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offycer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offycere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offyseer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oficer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "officer",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "officers"
      },
      "expansion": "officer (plural officers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A hireling or subordinate; one employed to serve, especially at an estate."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-cUKlmoAB",
      "links": [
        [
          "hireling",
          "hireling"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "estate",
          "estate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 21 17 18 13 21 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 20 20 9 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Household",
          "orig": "enm:Household",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 22 26 3 16 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "enm:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An official or officeholder; the holder of a prominent office or position."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-h~IKW38v",
      "links": [
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 21 17 18 13 21 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 20 20 9 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Household",
          "orig": "enm:Household",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 22 26 3 16 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "enm:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A municipal, local or societal official or officeholder."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-HHL0Opd4",
      "links": [
        [
          "municipal",
          "municipal"
        ],
        [
          "local",
          "local"
        ],
        [
          "societal",
          "societal"
        ],
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 21 17 18 13 21 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 20 20 9 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Household",
          "orig": "enm:Household",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 22 26 3 16 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "enm:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A religious or ecclesiastical official or officeholder."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-K11KgvNt",
      "links": [
        [
          "religious",
          "religious"
        ],
        [
          "ecclesiastical",
          "ecclesiastical"
        ],
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "enm:Religion",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 21 17 18 13 21 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Government",
          "orig": "enm:Government",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deputy or subordinate of the forces of good or evil."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-wOmXgjkg",
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "deputy",
          "deputy"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(religion) A deputy or subordinate of the forces of good or evil."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "8 21 17 18 13 21 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 18 14 15 17 21 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 20 20 9 16 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Household",
          "orig": "enm:Household",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 29 22 26 3 16 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Occupations",
          "orig": "enm:Occupations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "enm:People",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who supervises or organises jousting."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-j1Y0Qqhv",
      "links": [
        [
          "supervises",
          "supervises"
        ],
        [
          "organises",
          "organises"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) One who supervises or organises jousting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 36 0 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "enm:Military",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A member or leader of a military force."
      ],
      "id": "en-officer-enm-noun-WCYafmpi",
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ],
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A member or leader of a military force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔfiˈseːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔfisər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "officer"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -er",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Equestrianism",
    "enm:Government",
    "enm:Household",
    "enm:Military",
    "enm:Occupations",
    "enm:People"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "word": "officer"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Scots",
      "lang_code": "sco",
      "word": "offisher"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "officer"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "officiārius"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin officiārius",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "office",
        "3": "-er"
      },
      "expansion": "office + -er",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman officer, officier, from Latin officiārius; equivalent to office + -er.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "officers",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offecer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officeer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officeere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officiare",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "officier",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offiser",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offycer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offycere",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "offyseer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oficer",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "var": ""
      },
      "expansion": "officer",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "officers"
      },
      "expansion": "officer (plural officers)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A hireling or subordinate; one employed to serve, especially at an estate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hireling",
          "hireling"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ],
        [
          "estate",
          "estate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An official or officeholder; the holder of a prominent office or position."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ],
        [
          "office",
          "office"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A municipal, local or societal official or officeholder."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "municipal",
          "municipal"
        ],
        [
          "local",
          "local"
        ],
        [
          "societal",
          "societal"
        ],
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A religious or ecclesiastical official or officeholder."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "religious",
          "religious"
        ],
        [
          "ecclesiastical",
          "ecclesiastical"
        ],
        [
          "official",
          "official"
        ],
        [
          "officeholder",
          "officeholder"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Religion"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A deputy or subordinate of the forces of good or evil."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "religion",
          "religion"
        ],
        [
          "deputy",
          "deputy"
        ],
        [
          "subordinate",
          "subordinate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(religion) A deputy or subordinate of the forces of good or evil."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who supervises or organises jousting."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "supervises",
          "supervises"
        ],
        [
          "organises",
          "organises"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) One who supervises or organises jousting."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A member or leader of a military force."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ],
        [
          "military",
          "military"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) A member or leader of a military force."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɔfiˈseːr/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔfisər/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "officer"
}

Download raw JSONL data for officer meaning in Middle English (3.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.